The EHEIM compactON aquarium pump is characterized by its name through a compact design and is thanks to the included accessory bag appropriate for versatile use – the EHEIM compactON 2100-16000 can also be modified for the use outside of the water. Thanks to the high quality material it is also possible to use them without problems in marine water.Compact, powerful and silentEHEIM compactON is the compact and yet powerful aquarium pump. Available in nine sizes, for flow rates from 170 to 16000 liters per hour.The EHEIM compactON aquarium pump is characterized by its name through a compact design and is thanks to the included accessory bag appropriate for versatile use – the EHEIM compactON 2100-5000 can also be modified for the use outside of the water. Thanks to the high quality material it is also possible to use them without problems in marine water.For even more flexibility, the flow rate is adjustable for all models, except for the EHEIM compactON 5000/9000/12000/16000. EHEIM compactON 300 is already appropriate starting from 170 liters per hour, EHEIM compactON 600 starting from 250 liters, EHEIM compactON 1000 starting from 400 liters, EHEIM compactON 2100 starting from 1400 liters and EHEIM compactON 3000 starting from 1800 liters. EHEIM compactON 5000/9000/12000/16000 is designed for a flow rate of 5000/9000/12000 litres per hour.Compared to the pumps of the EHEIM compact/compact+ series the power consumption was again improved by up to 50%. Also the delivery head is presentable and makes the pumps powerful enough also for the use in the filter basin.In order to guarantee a silent operation of the pumps, various measures have been taken like for example choosing a combination of ceramic axis and ceramic cover at the wing part of the EHEIM compactON 2100 and 3000. This also guarantees a long service life of the pumps. A high security standard has been attached like to all other EHEIM products as well as for the aquarium enthusiast as for the aquarium inhabitants. The cables are characterized by a thicker insulation and to the benefit of the aquarium inhabitants only materials which do not dispense toxic substances into the water, have been used.The use in and outside the aquarium is possible for all pumps of the EHEIM compactON 2100 series.Advantages of the EHEIM compactONSuccessor of the compact and compact+ seriesFastening by means of robust suction cupsIncluding accessories such as suction basket and threaded couplingSilent due to ceramic bearing (EHEIM compactON 2100/3000/5000/9000/12000/16000)High pump performance at low power consumptioncompactON 5000/9000/12000/16000 as electronic version for more efficiencyPump power per hour at 50 Hz of:250 LitersPump power per hour at 50 Hz to:600 LitersPumping head approx. (H max at 50 Hz):1 mPower at 50 Hz of:7 WattHose Ø Suction side:12 mmPacking dimensions (Width):9.7 cmPacking dimensions (Height):12 cmPacking dimensions (Depth):7.4 cmPacking:1 Part (s)Height:72 mmWidth:38 mmDepth:62 mmFreshwater:YesSea water:YesManufacturer guarantee:3 Year(s)

hose Ø9/12 mm (3 m)Transparent gray aquarium hose, wound on reel.• Multi-purpose aquarium hose for water change, filters etc.• gray tinted, transparent hose, free of heavy metals.• Available as air hose or water hose in various diameters.

Key Features: Strong Magnet: Ensures safe and efficient cleaning. Variety of Sizes: Available for different glass thicknesses. Curved Handle: Provides an easy and comfortable grip. Versatile Use: Suitable for both fresh- and saltwater tanks. Size: L (10-15mm glass thickness) Overview: The Aquael Magnetic Cleaner L is designed to maintain crystal-clear aquarium walls without the hassle of getting wet sleeves. Available in three sizes, this cleaner is tailored for different glass thicknesses. The strong magnet securely guides the in-water cleaning piece, while the curved handle ensures ease of use. Aquarium owners know the challenges of maintaining cleanliness in their tanks, with scale and algae accumulating over time. The Aquael Magnetic Cleaner offers a practical solution, allowing for efficient cleaning without the need to immerse your hands in water. How It Works: The magnetic cleaner consists of two parts: one placed inside the aquarium and the other on the outer wall. By moving the ergonomic external element, you control the internal cleaning part through the magnetic connection. This simple, manual system makes thorough cleaning of algae from aquarium glass easy and efficient, without investing in complicated equipment. Benefits: Efficient Cleaning: Quickly removes algae and scale from glass. Dry Hands: No need to immerse hands in water. User-Friendly: Easy to use with a curved handle for a comfortable grip. Available Sizes: M: Suitable for medium glass thickness. L: Suitable for glass thickness between 10-15mm. Why Choose Magnetic Cleaners? In any aquarium, bacteria and algae can grow rapidly, necessitating regular cleaning. Magnetic cleaners provide a quick, effective way to maintain optimal cleanliness in your aquarium. They are practical, easy to use, and deliver immediate results. Explore our online catalog to find the perfect magnetic cleaner for your aquarium and enjoy a pristine, well-maintained aquatic environment. 

Connector for additional lights for EHEIM powerLED+Possible connection of several lamps to one power supply unit with Y-adaptor

Intake pipe 14/17mm for classic 600, professionel (2226-2329)

EHEIM rapidCleanerFor easy and effective cleaning of interior aquarium panes:Removes algae and dirt quickly and effectively from aquarium glass panesNo tools necessary for blade changeQuick cleaning through extra large working width of 8 cmBlade with precision cut and blade protectionExtra long durability of the bladeIntegrated silicone protection prevents cutting into the glass bondingUnbreakable glass fibre barFor fresh and marine water aquariumsReplacement blade available under article no. 3591004.

The new EHEIM powerLED+ is the perfect lighting for your aquariumFrom the full spectrum of sunlight to white and / or actinic light – our new LED lamps cover the entire range. All spectrums are carefully balanced to support the growth of either plants or corals and to enhance the natural colours in the aquarium. The LED’s can be adjusted to fit any aquarium by extending the brackets to the correct length or existing fluorescent tubes can be replaced with our LED by inserting the specially designed adapter into the existing light unit. EHEIM quality – made in Germany.Advantages of the EHEIM powerLED+High-quality and efficient alternative to T5 fluorescent tubes (incl. reflector!)Full depth lighting - even in deep aquariums.LED strips can be combined to create the perfect balance for plant or coral growthFull sunlight spectrum with maximum output for photosynthesis (fresh water).Reproduces the natural colours in the aquariumAverage service life > 50.000 hoursHigh-quality, solid aluminium housing (anodised), marine water resistant8 lenghts available to fit aquariums from 36 – 135 cm long (lengths can be adjusted by extending the stainless steel support brackets).Suitable for use with existing fluorescent light tube units (T8, T5); existing tubes can be replaced by inserting the EHEIM T8-/T5 adapter (see accessories)Single and double wire suspension available for open aquariums (see accessories)Highly efficient safety power supply (24V) saves energySeveral lamps can be connected to one power supply unit with our Y adaptor (accessories)Can be used with LEDcontrolEHEIM powerLED fresh daylightBright daylight (7,000 K) with full sunlight spectrum (full spectrum).Natural colour representation of the fish and plants.Balanced blue and/or red spectrum range for good plant growth.Maximum energy efficiency (120 lm/W) and brightness.Can also be combined with EHEIM powerLED plants for particularly demanding plants.For aquariums up to approx.: 1373-1529mmRated light flux: 6120Lifetime: 50.000 hoursManufacturer guarantee: 3 Year(s)Performance at 50 Hz: 39,2 WattEnergy Efficency Class: DSea water: NoFreshwater: Yes

Shaft and bushing for pickup, aquaball, biopower

Features & Advantages Simulates natural sun & moon cycles Energy efficient & user friendly High quality finish & safe to use Increases quality of life for all aquarium inhabitants Beautiful natural light for your aquarium dwellers! This LED module from AQUAEL emits more light than conventional fluorescent lamps, but saves up to 50% energy and offers natural colour temperatures. The light simulates different sunlight and moonlight cycles: Sunny / Blue (dawn), Sunny (daylight) and Blue (moonlight) - ideal for aquarium plants and animals! Furthermore, they are long-lasting. A great deal for aquarium owners who wish to provide the best for their aquarium friends without hurting the wallet! The module consists of a contemporary LED unit, a glass housing for protection against moisture and a cable incl. switch. The system is splash-proof and can be operated near the aquarium without hesitation, for example attached to the cover above the tank. The LEDDY TUBE modules are very easy to install. Each model is supplied with special adapters so that they can be assembled into any luminaire. The modules draw power from an independent supply source. Four versions of the product are available: two for freshwater aquariums (LEDDY SUNNY, which emits light with a colour temperature of 8000 K similar to natural sunlight, and LEDDY PLANT with a colour temperature of 9000 K, designed to enhance the growth of aquatic plants) and two for marine aquariums (LEDDY MARINE, which emits light with a colour temperature of 10000 K, designed to improve corals growth and LEDDY ACTINIC – 20000 K - for better colours of corals). Product More Details  Thanks to the LED technology used, the power consumption is much lower than in traditional light sources, and the power consumption is only 14 W. This is half the value of T5 (39 W) and T8 (30 W) fluorescent lamps. The big advantages of Leddy Tube 2.0 are long life, does not heat up the water in the  aquarium and easy installation  in the aquarium covers. Modern LEDs vs. traditional fluorescent lamps, incandescent bulbs and compact fluorescent lamps Properly selected LEDs are the basic source of light in modern aquarism. They effectively displaced the previously used fluorescent lamps, incandescent bulbs and compact fluorescent lamps from the market. Compared to them, they have a number of advantages. They allow for a significant reduction in electricity consumption, because by producing the same amount of light as fluorescent lamps, they consume up to half as much. And this translates into both lower electricity bills beneficial for the aquarist’s pocket and environmental protection. They do not often have to be replaced with new ones, because they can work up to 15,000 hours, which again is associated with a large saving of money, environmental protection and less labor intensity. At the same time, they do not unnecessarily heat  the water in the aquarium, they shine directionally only towards the water surface (so you do not need to use additional reflectors), besides, unlike traditional fluorescent lamps, they have a two-year manufacturer’s warranty. Why do we illuminate the aquarium? There are usually two reasons. First of all, the tank is nice, that is, it looks natural. The light is to make the fish and plants have beautiful, appropriate colors for a given species, and the whole will be an unquestionable decoration of the room. The second goal is equally important – the vast majority of aquarists want to have healthy, well-growing plants in the aquarium. And plants need light to grow for 10-12 hours a day, which is the “drive” of photosynthesis – a natural process as a result of which they transform inorganic compounds into organic substances necessary for their life. Thus, properly selected light is to guarantee at the same time that the aquarium will look nice and the plants will grow well in it. The LEDs installed in the LEDDY TUBE SUNNY module emit light with a color temperature of 7000 K. This provides good conditions for aquarium plants and guarantees faithful color reproduction of all inhabitants of the aquarium. How much light in the aquarium? How much light does the aquarium require? It depends on what species of plants we are going to grow in it. In terms of light requirements, they can be divided into three groups: Group I – shade-bearing species, e.g. “pelia”, mosses, winged microzorium, screw diver, some compact (e.g. aponogetonolist, Wendt’s compact, Backett’s warbler, Malayan warbler), anubias. Group II – moderately photophilous species, e.g. spherical twig, water tintland, rhododendrons, tiger lotus, ludwigie, broad-leaved vodka, three-flowered vodka, monkfish, broad-leaved arrowhead, Argentine marsh, giant diver, compact, limnophils, small-leaved bacopa, Thai krina, ponikło, Japanese gloss, swordfish. Group III – definitely photophilous species, e.g. cabombs, “glossostigma”, hemiantus. Usually, the conversion of lighting power per liter of aquarium is used. It is conventionally assumed that in the case of LED lamps for growing shade plants, min. 0.15-0.2 W for each liter of water. Moderately demanding plants need 0.25-0.4 W / l, and those definitely photophilous even 0.5-0.7 W / l. The “day” in the aquarium can fall on virtually any part of the day. If the tank stands far from the windows and is illuminated only by artificial light, the hours of switching on and off the lighting can be practically any. It is best to simply adapt them to our preferences and the hours when we are usually present in the apartment (e.g. “dawn” at 3 PM and “dusk” at 1 AM). We can then enjoy the beauty of our own “piece of the underwater world” at will. Specifications Article Power [W] Dimensions [cm] (width x depth x height) Lumens Color Temperature [K] Replaces Fluorescent Lamps LEDDY TUBE 10W PLANT 2.0 10 41.5 x 2 730 9000 T8 18W, T5 24W LEDDY TUBE 14W PLANT 2.0 14 70 x 2 1000 9000 T8 30W, T5 39W LEDDY TUBE 17W PLANT 2.0 17 101.5 x 2 1180 9000 T8 36W, T5 54W

Contents: 2 pieces(for 1x powerLED+ light fixture)

Leddy Tube Day & Night LED Overview The Leddy Tube Day & Night LED is a state-of-the-art lighting module designed for modern aquariums. This upgraded LED technology combines day and night modes to enhance both the aesthetic appeal and health of your aquatic environment while saving energy. Encased in a moisture-resistant glass housing, the module is equipped with an integrated cable and switch (without a handle), making it both safe and convenient to use. Operating Modes The Leddy Tube offers three distinct operating modes: Sunny (Daylight): Emits light similar to natural daylight, ensuring optimal reproduction of the fish's colors and promoting healthy plant growth. Bluish (Sunrise): Provides a soft blue light that mimics the dawn, ideal for a gentle transition from night to day. Night (Moonlight): Features a dark blue light that simulates moonlight, suitable for observing nocturnal fish and creating a serene nighttime atmosphere. Functionality In Sunny mode, the LED module replicates natural daylight, enhancing the visibility of your aquarium's inhabitants and supporting plant vitality. The Bluish mode mimics the early morning light, while the Night mode allows you to view nocturnal species during the dark hours. The module automatically defaults to Sunny mode when switched on. You can change between Sunny / Sunny + Blue / Blue modes by toggling the switch off and on within about five seconds. To switch directly to Sunny mode, turn off the module for more than five seconds before turning it back on. Efficiency The Leddy Tube Day & Night LED is highly efficient, emitting more light than traditional fluorescent lamps while consuming approximately 50% less energy. With a length of 27.3 cm, a power rating of 7W, and a luminous flux of 900 lumens, it provides both powerful illumination and energy savings. Key Features Length: 27.3 cm Power: 7W Luminous Flux: 900 lumens Modes: Sunny, Bluish, Night Energy Efficiency: Consumes about 50% less energy compared to traditional fluorescent lamps Upgrade your aquarium lighting with the Leddy Tube Day & Night LED, combining modern technology with energy efficiency for a vibrant and healthy aquatic environment.

With EHEIM reeflexUV+e you reduce or eliminate germ contamination and eliminate turbidity in the water. Now with WiFi controls.reeflexUV+e is the WiFi-controlled next step of the proven EHEIM UV clarifier reeflexUV. The principle of the patented reflector technology (with significantly increased germicidal UV-C radiation) has remained the same. While in conventional UV clarifiers the water flows past the UV-C burner via detours, in the EHEIM reeflexUV+e it takes a more direct route. This results in no loss of power and saves energy, being twice as efficient. The reeflexUV+e can be coupled with other products in the EHEIM Digital family and can be controlled via WLAN-enabled devices (smartphones, tablets, notebooks etc.). For example, you can select different modes, determine times and pauses and even switch to booster mode in case of a heavy parasite infestation. The reeflexUV+e should be used to support the filter in order to reduce small organisms (germs, algae spores, etc.) in the aquarium.There are 4 models for aquariums from 300 to 2000 litres. As always, this comes with EHEIM’s “Made in Germany” guarantee, ensuring the best standards in manufacturing and materials. Advantages of the EHEIM reeflexUV+eQuickly and effectively reduces or eliminates harmful germs (bacteria, fungi, viruses, other pathogens) and infectious swarmers of fish parasites as well as suspended algae in the waterPatented reflector technology: The unique arrangement of the UV-C light source and the aquarium water flowing past it, in conjunction with a special reflector, ensures unparalleled efficiency with a low energy inputAlmost no power loss, as the water is not deflected due to the clarifiers innovative designExcellent results: twice as effective compared to conventional UV clarifiersAlso ideal for rearing tanks, as it reduces the risk of infectionBound cleaning bacteria in the filter are preserved, as only floating germs are capturedEasy and safe handling and cleaningAUTO-OFF: Automatic safety shut-off when changing lampsEasy mounting due to supplied bracketVariable installation, no defined installation position or flow directionCan be coupled with other products in the EHEIM Digital family (e.g. synchronisation with the aquarium lighting)Controlled via WLAN-enabled devices (smartphone, tablet, notebook, etc.)Easy and intuitive operationThree different modes: "constant", "daily cycle", "smart coupling"Configurable burning duration, time, pauses, etc.Booster mode for combating acute parasite infestationsNotification by e-mail when the lamp replacement is dueMade in Germany3 years warrantySuitable for both fresh and marine waterWarning: UV-C radiation can cause damage to eyes and skin even in small doses. The light source contained in this product is intended exclusively for disinfecting aquarium water.Special technology for clear water and healthy fishIn a UV clarifier (also called UV steriliser), the aquarium water is passed in a thin film past a UV-C lamp (burner). The UV-C rays penetrate the water and kill germs, algae spores and other small organisms.With conventional technology, the water is only irradiated from one side. EHEIM, on the other hand, has installed a reflector so that the radiation is mirrored and penetrates the water from several sides. This results in a considerably higher efficiency with reeflexUV+e. Which uses the patented EHEIM reflector technology.In addition, the EHEIM reeflexUV+e has no complicated water conduction system. The water is not diverted and flows around the burner without detours. This means that there is no loss of performance.AUTO-OFF also ensures optimum safety. Since UV-C radiation is harmful to skin and eyes, reeflexUV+e immediately and automatically switches off when the unit is opened.The EHEIM reeflexUV+e can be coupled with other products in the EHEIM Digital family (e.g. lighting). It is controlled via WLAN-enabled end devices (smartphone, tablet, notebook etc.) Operation is simple and intuitive.There are three different modes: "constant", " daily cycle" and "smart coupling". Burning duration, time, pauses, etc. can be set individually. There is a booster mode to combat acute parasite infestations. And when a lamp change is due, a message is sent by e-mail.You should also know that:Compared to natural waters, the bacterial concentration in the aquarium is relatively high due to the smaller amount of water. It is important to reduce this and bring it to a natural level. However, the aquarium water cannot and should not be completely germ-free.Only the germs floating freely in the water are captured by the UV clarifier. The bound purification bacteria in the filter (biological filtration), bacteria in the substrate etc. are spared.Turbidity of the water caused by bacteria or floating algae can be removed effectively by UV clarification. Basically, algae growth is curbed because the spores are killed.UV clarifiers generally ensure healthier fish, as the risk of infection is reduced. A UV clarifier is particularly recommended for rearing tanks. Dangerous pathogens often settle on eggs or infect young fish that do not yet have sufficient defences.UV clarification generally does not cause any change in water values.

Only the pHsensor and the calibration liquid are included in the scope of delivery!EHEIM pHcontrol+e – the smart controller for monitoring and readjusting the pH value in your aquariumWith the EHEIM pHcontrol+e you can easily monitor and optimize the pH in your aquarium via a smartphone, tablet, or PC/MAC simply via a WiFi connection and your web browser. A pH sensor measures the current pH value of the water, and the pHcontrol+e automatically provides the necessary CO2 supply. By controlling the magnetic valve connected in series to the CO2 system it adds as much CO2 as required until the desired pH value is reached.To achieve this you must connect your CO2 system, i.e., a CO2 bottle via pressure reducer as well as magnetic valve (see the EHEIM CO2 sets) and a CO2 diffuser. The pHcontrol+e has a day/night control and can be linked to the lighting control EHEIM LEDcontrol+e (see the EHEIM DIGITAL family).In addition to light, nitrogen, phosphate, trace elements, etc., the plants in your aquarium need CO2 above all as an important nutrient. The better they thrive, the more oxygen they release, which the fish need to breathe. Thus, the EHEIM pHcontrol+e indirectly provides oxygen and the optimal pH value for your fish by adding CO2. This is usually between pH 6 and pH 8; pH 7 is considered a neutral value for reference.Note:The basis for measuring and stabilising the pH value is the carbonate hardness ("KH") of the water. Therefore, the EHEIM pHcontrol+e (in Smart mode) initially queries the KH value. Because KH, CO2 and pH value influence each other.Features of the EHEIM pHcontrol+eA smart controller for monitoring and controlling the pH value in the aquarium by regulating the addition of CO2.Includes Wireless WiFi connection with a WLAN-enabled end device (smartphone, tablet, PC/MAC).Has connection and compatibility with devices of the EHEIM DIGITAL family.Measures the pH value through the pH sensor (measuring range: pH 0 to pH 14).Control range of the controller pH 6 to pH 9.Needs to be coupled via pressure reducer with CO2 bottle (EHEIM CO2 set).Electronically controls addition of CO2 through interposed magnetic valve.Adjusts CO2 addition by linking with LEDcontrol+e (day/night control) in smart mode or simple and extended bio mode with own day/night control.Queries the KH value (carbonate hardness) in advance.Sets water test and calibration reminders.Guided calibrations of the pH sensor.Sends warning for deviation of pH value (up/down).Notes if EHEIM pH sensor needs to be replaced.Provides best performance, high power, stable connection, and large memory capacity through new improved chip generationHighest safety and reliability - 3 years warranty

LD Series Lights  123Wx55Hmm : Easy to install and operate. DC 12V low-voltage power supply, safe and reliable. High brightness LED light, high luminous efficiency, energy saving, durable, environmental protection. Wireless remote control, easy for operation. Different LED color adjustable. Multilevel brightness adjustable. It can be used for general lighting and used in an aquarium. It has a very strong irradiation depth of water and a low temperature light release. * Suitable for indoor environment or other occasion. The light is with innovative design, elegant appearance and easy for care. LD-20A  : 6W , 524L x 123W x 55Hmm LD-24A  : 7W , 624L x 123W x 55Hmm LD-36A  : 9W , 924L x 123W x 55Hmm LD-48A  : 15W , 1242L x 123W x 55Hmm

Suction for thermocontrol, thermocontrol e, thermocontrol+ e

Round Air Stone  Diffuse air into the tank and provide oxygen for fish to breathe A necessity to have around your aquarium These are sturdy and durable Have high dissolved oxygen rate Create even and tiny bubbles rather than a limited number of large ones

The new EHEIM powerLED+ is the perfect lighting for your aquariumFrom the full spectrum of sunlight to white and / or actinic light – our new LED lamps cover the entire range. All spectrums are carefully balanced to support the growth of either plants or corals and to enhance the natural colours in the aquarium. The LED’s can be adjusted to fit any aquarium by extending the brackets to the correct length or existing fluorescent tubes can be replaced with our LED by inserting the specially designed adapter into the existing light unit. EHEIM quality – made in Germany.Advantages of the EHEIM powerLED+High-quality and efficient alternative to T5 fluorescent tubes (incl. reflector!)Full depth lighting - even in deep aquariums.LED strips can be combined to create the perfect balance for plant or coral growthFull sunlight spectrum with maximum output for photosynthesis (fresh water).Reproduces the natural colours in the aquariumAverage service life > 50.000 hoursHigh-quality, solid aluminium housing (anodised), marine water resistant8 lenghts available to fit aquariums from 36 – 135 cm long (lengths can be adjusted by extending the stainless steel support brackets).Suitable for use with existing fluorescent light tube units (T8, T5); existing tubes can be replaced by inserting the EHEIM T8-/T5 adapter (see accessories)Single and double wire suspension available for open aquariums (see accessories)Highly efficient safety power supply (24V) saves energySeveral lamps can be connected to one power supply unit with our Y adaptor (accessories)Can be used with LEDcontrolEHEIM powerLED fresh daylightBright daylight (7,000 K) with full sunlight spectrum (full spectrum).Natural colour representation of the fish and plants.Balanced blue and/or red spectrum range for good plant growth.Maximum energy efficiency (120 lm/W) and brightness.Can also be combined with EHEIM powerLED plants for particularly demanding plants.For aquariums up to approx.: 1250-1406mmLight colour: 6200Rated light flux: 5440Lifetime: 50.000 hoursManufacturer guarantee: 3 Year(s)Performance at 50 Hz: 34,8 WattEnergy Efficency Class: DSea water: NoFreshwater: Yes

Karis Impeller Karis Impeller Karis Ks-1400C Impeller      Length :-    8 cm      Ø       24 mm Karis Ks-2000C Impeller      Length :-    8 cm      Ø       30 mm

- Creates bubbles in fish tank while attached to an air pump. - Great instrument to keep aquatic fish for respiration process. - Suitable for freshwater, saltwater aquarium and hydroponic use. - Sewage treatment plant for aeration and agitation, to prevent deposition of large particles of sediments and remove part of organic matters - Fish ponds (aquaculture plants) increase oxygen for eutrophic water body in environment and biological culture - Increase oxygen for live fish and seafood transport - Aquarium (purifiers) purification and filtration; water quality ozone sterilization and oxygen increasing - Other processes need to diffuse air